richmond



2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

U. M RICHMOND.

BURNER FOR LAMBS.

Patented Jan. 20, 1891.

Fly. 5.

IIVVEll/TOI? WITNESSES;

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oAsSIUs M. RICHMOND, on NEW roan, N. v.

BURNER FOR LAMPS.

SZPEOIFIOATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 44.4,854, datedJanuary 20, 1891.

Application filed June 10, 1386.

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that 1, CASSIUS M. RICHMOND, a citizen of the United States,residing in the city, county, and State of New York, have inventedcertain Improvements in Burners for Lamps, the nature of which is fullyset forth in the following specification and illustrated in theaccompanying drawings.

My invention relates to that class of lamps and burners for lampsgenerally known as the Argand, in which circular wicks are employed andcircular flames produced, air being supplied to the flame above theplane of ignition of the wick and discharged upon the inner surface ofthe sheet of flame, and in which also deflectors are employed to spreadthe flame.

The object of my present invention i to improve the construction andorganization of such lamps, to the end, first, that combustion may beproperly regulated, thereby securing a white light; second, that thelamp may be readily wicked by persons devoid of mechanical skill;and,third, that the lamp may be readily adjusted as respects the partsthereot' to secure the best operation and results.

My said invention consists of certain novel constructions of parts andcombinations of devices which are distinctly recited in the claims atthe close of this specification, and I desire it to be understood thatsome of said improvements may be used without the others.

I will first describe all my improvements in detail as organized in thebest way now known to me, having reference to the accompanying drawings,in which- Figure 1 is a vertical central section showing the position ofthe different parts when combined and in readiness to be attached to anoil-fountain. Fig. 2 is a side view of the burner, the central air-tubeand its deflectors, also the outerflanged tube, being removed. Fig. 3 isa transverse section of same through line 00 0c of Fig. 2. Fig. 4; is anelevation of the interior parts of the burner, showing an alternativeconstruction of the air-outlet at the upper end of the central airtube',the lower part being broken away, showing the lower part of thefeed-wick in elevation, the upper part of same and the burning wickbeing indicated by dotted lines. Fig. 5 is a vertical central section ofthe al- Serial No. 204,695. (No model.)

ternative construction of the central air-tube with a single disk,together with a brace in said tube to give strength thereto, and alsothe stem of same with holes or perforations therein for the purpose ashereinafter explained. Fig. (i is a transverse section of the centralair-tube through line 1 3 of Fig. 5.

Like letters refer to like parts throughout the several views.

A is a collar of usual form for supporting the chimney and perforatedfor the passage of air to the outer wall of the circular flame of thelamp.

B is the chimney.

C is a flanged tube, perforated at its lower end for the admission ofair and surrounding and forming at its upper end an outer wall for theilluminating-wick.

D is a tube, having openings dd for the passage of air admitted throughthe perforations in tube 0, and also openings (1 cl in its bottom forthe passage of the feed-wick. into the oilfountain, the walls of theopenings d cl in D forming an inclosed passage forthefeed-wick below theupper end of D, where its contact with the burning wick begins.

E is a tube inclosed by andjoined to D, and having openingscorresponding with those d d in tube D, and also having a flange e atits upper end. to which tube E the feed-wick is attached by a wire,thread, or otherwise directly underneath the flange c and is then passeddown between the tubes D and E through the openings (1' (7, into theoil-fountain.

F is a ra-tchet'bar actuated by the ratchetwheel F. The ratchet-bar isinclosed by and rides in a tube G, which is square in cross-section andis supported in the bottom of tube D E.

H H are carriers for raising and lowering the illuminating-wick. Theyare attachedat their lower ends to the ratchet-bar F and at their upperends to a flanged collar H, on which the lower end of theilluminating-wick rests.

I is a stem hollow throughout part of its length and open at its lowerend, and having holes 6 t in one of its sides, wherein the teeth ofratchet-wheel F are engaged, and by which it is raised and lowered whensaid stem is in position-that is, when it is inserted in the tube G andsurrounds or straddles the ratchet-bar Ethe side of I having the holes itheing placed next to ratchet-wheel F Said tube G constitutes a centralguide common to the adjusting connections of both the wick raiser anddeflector of the lamp and enables simple fitting and effectiveorganization of said connections with the other parts of the lamp.

J is a tube surrounding and supported by the stem I, having openings inits lower end for the passage of air, and open and flanged at itsupperorouterend,as seen at J.

J is a disk supported at the upper orouter end of stem I, there being aslight space between the disk J and the flange or disk J for thedischarge of air conveyed through tube J upon the flame when theilluminating-wick is ignited.

K is the feed-wick, which may be of ordinary candle-wicking material,and, as has been already stated, is attached at its upper end by athread or in any othersuitable manner, as indicated at 7c it, to theupper end of tube E, directly underneath the flange e, and the lowerends of which are passed down through the inclosed passage-ways abovereferred to and through the openings (Zd into the oil-fountain.

L is the burning or illuminating wick, the lower end of which rests uponand is sup .ported by the flanged collar H, said collar and wick beingraised and lowered as desired by means of ratchet-wheel F and carriers HH, actuated thereby. The burning-wick is secured in position by a threador collar tied or passed around its lower end, as indicated at Z Z. Itis fed or supplied with oil from the fountain by contact alone with theouter surface of the feed-wick K. The burning-wick is inclosed by theupper end of the outer tube 0.

WVhile I prefer the construction of the central air-tube as shown inFig. 1that is, with the two disks slightly separated from each other-yetI have obtained good results when only the upper or outer disk J isemployed, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5, since the. air discharged throughthe outer end of the tube J is thereby guided and discharged upon thewall of the sheet of flame.

The arrows in the drawings indicate the direction of the air-currentswhen the bu rningwick has been ignited.

I do not broadly claim in this application a vertically-adjustablecentral air-tube, nor such a tube with an air-deflector, as that formspart of the subject-matter of my prior application filed in the UnitedStates Patent Otfice on or about February 27, 1886.

Having thus described my invention, I desire to claim 1. Thecombination, in an Argand lampburner, of the central air-tube, thecentral stem fitted to carry and support said tube and extendingtherethrough, and a deflector openings leading through the inclosedvertical passage for the wick, the flanged tube fitted to saidwick-tubes, having perforations in its lower end to admit air to theinlet-openings of said wick-tubes and extending upward to form the outerwall of the burner, and the perforated chimney-supporting collar fittedto said flanged tube, substantially as described.

4. In an Argand lamp, two tubes fitted together to form a verticalpassage-way for the feed-wick between them and provided with lateralair-inlet openings extending through said tubes, and the inner of saidtubes being extended above the outer tube, in combination with anexternal removable tube fitted to said outer wick-tube and provided atits lower end with air-inlet openings communicating with and feeding airto the air-inlet openings of said wick-tubes and fitted at its upper endto inc ose the burning wick of the lamp and constitute the outer walltherefor, substantially as described.

5. The combination, in an Argand lampburner, of two tubes mounted onewithin the other to form a vertical passage-way for the feed-wickbetween them and provided with lateral air-inlet openings ext-endingthrough said tubes, the inner of said tubes being extended above theouter tube to admit of fastening said feed-wick thereto above said outertube, the burning-wick carrier mounted outside said feed-Wick, and theremovable tube fitted to said outer wick-tube and provided at its lowerend with air-inlet openings communicating with the air-inlet openings ofsaid wick-tubes and fitted at its upper end to inclose said burning wickand constitute the outer wall thereof, si'ibstantially as described.

6. The combination, with the wick-tubesof an Argand lamp, of avertically-adjustable carrier for the wick, a vertically-adjustabledeflector, adjusting connections supporting said carrier and deflector,and a guide common to both said connections, arranged centrally in thewick-tubes, substantially as described.

J. F. WILLIAMS, J. WILLIAMS.

